Validating and Unit Testing Web API (2) Route Attribute Parameters

Personally, I like to isolate business rules and/or validations outside of MVC Controllers. In this case, API Controllers. I use ActionFilterAttribute to define my checks on parameters being passed in my MVC Web API routes.

Here’s an example of a WebAPI route with parameter binding:

// GET: /1/employees/AA0000111"
[Route("{WebServiceVersion}/employees/{employeeId}")]
[ValidateEmployeeId]
        public IHttpActionResult GetUser(string employeeid, int WebServiceVersion = 1)
        {
            // GET: Do something with webServiceVersion value like logging.
            var user = _emprepository.GetUser(employeeid);
            return Content(HttpStatusCode.OK, user);
        }

I want to isolate validating employeeid outside of my controller for a couple of reasons:

1) Isolation – You may have multiple cases on validating your parameters. In this case, employeeId can be permutated in different ways specially because it is a string. Other developers can easily get lost on what the action controller is actually doing if you have long code that includes all various validations

2) Good development practice – I prefer to see nice clean code and separation on what my controllers do vs business rules

3) Testing – I can isolate testing on my controllers vs business rules. This is really the motivating factor for me.

That said, let’s take a look at the ActionFilterAttribute further. For more information on this, see:

(NOTE: There are 2 versions of ActionFilterAttribute)

System.Web.Http.Filters

System.Web.Mvc

When unit testing, make sure you’re writing the correct tests for your filter. In this case, I’m using the namespace: System.Web.Http.Filters

public class ValidateEmployeeIdAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
        {
            var employeeid = actionContext.ActionArguments["employeeid"].ToString();
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(employeeid) || employeeid.ToLower() == "<somecheck>" ||
                employeeid.ToLower() == "<replace and use other validation such as regex>")
            {
                actionContext.Response = actionContext.Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
                    $"Input parameter error, employeeId: {employeeid} -  not specified, null or bad format",
                    actionContext.ControllerContext.Configuration.Formatters.JsonFormatter);
            }
            base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
        }
    }

Note in the preceding code for the controller that I decorated the web api action method with: [ValidateEmployeeId]

This instruct the controller to use the custom ActionFilterAttribute that I created above

Testing your custom validate via UNIT Test/s:

For simplicity, I used MSTest that comes with visual studio.

[TestMethod, TestCategory("UserController")]
        public void Validate_EmpId_ActionFilterAttribute()
        {
            var mockactioncontext = new HttpActionContext
            {
                ControllerContext = new HttpControllerContext
                {
                    Request = new HttpRequestMessage()
                },
                ActionArguments = { { "employeeid", "<somecheck>" } }
            };

            mockactioncontext.ControllerContext.Configuration = new HttpConfiguration();
            mockactioncontext.ControllerContext.Configuration.Formatters.Add(new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
            
            var filter = new ValidateEmployeeIdAttribute();
            filter.OnActionExecuting(mockactioncontext);
            Assert.IsTrue(mockactioncontext.Response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }

At this point, you should have separation of code to validate your “validations” vs controller.

Using fiddler, I can see that whenever I submit a request that has an invalid value for employeeid, I get the correct response:

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